Male sterility in plants genetics biology discussion. Male sterility in plants going to seed with dan brisebois. Department of agricultureagricultural research service, corn insects and crop genetics unit, department of plant pathology, iowa state university, ames, ia 50011. Recently, new data on the structure and function of the.
Male sterility in cotton male sterility in cotton 1. Male sterility in higher plants monographs on theoretical and applied genetics, vol. Nuclearmediated mitochondrial gene regulation and male. Current evidence suggests that these characteristic mitochondrial genotypes arose by aberrant recombination events, generating chimeric mitochondrial dna sequences which have. Classification of sterility can be divided into heritable and nonheritable sterility. An infertility diagnosis is given to a couple who are unable to conceive over the course of one year. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is characterized by maternal inheritance, pollen sterility and normal pistil development. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. The g cytoplasm is widely distributed along the western. Male sterile mutants which cannot produce fertile pollen or functional anthers can often be observed in higher plant spe cies. Andrew knight philosophical transactions, 1799 sterility implicating the male sex. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. In flowering plants, the first case of male sterility was reported by koelreuter in 1763. Molecular basis of nuclear and cytoplasmic male sterility.
Conditional male fertility in chalcone synthasedeficient. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited defect of higher plants in the production of functional pollen. A chimaeric ribonucleaseinhibitor gene restores fertility. It is often caused by the expression of a novel open reading frame orf which is located on the mitochondrial genome 4,5.
Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Heterogeneous population of mitochondrial dna molecules in. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Pdf mitochondrial genome diversity and cytoplasmic male. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. Kaul 1988 described the action of ms genes in countless species of higher plants. It is suggested that normal anther development is prevented by an interaction between a substances present only in anthers and organelles with altered structures. Cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. Both genes nuclear and cytoplasmic and environment, individually as well as conjointly, induce male sterility, the former being genetic and the latter nongenetic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has now been identified in over 150 plant species.
In fact among the multiple possible causes of malesterility, the most frequently met in nature is cytoplasmic malesterility. Mitochondrial genomes of higher plants have many unique characteristics that are. A model for the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in. What does the molecular genetics of different types of. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Wise cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen.
Krishnasamy, s and makaroff, ca 1994 organspecific reduction in the abundance of a mitochondrial protein accompanies fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male sterile radish. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes ms or by the complementary action of nuclear lr and cytoplasmic. This post is an to answer eric webers recent question about male sterility in seeds. Male sterile plants that express a chimaeric ribonuclease gene in the anther tapetal cell layer were crossed. In this chapter we differentiate between nuclear and cytoplasmicnuclear male sterility cms. Male sterility in plants authorstream presentation. Molecular basis of nuclear and cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants 1994 vedel, f. Characteristic differences exist between the mitochondrial genome organization of fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile cms lines in a range of plant species.
Male sterility of higher plants is a valuable trait used to improve agricultural crops through hybridization. Mitochondrial genome diversity and cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants article pdf available in philosophical transactions of the royal society b biological sciences 3191193. An abnormality at any point in this process may lead to sterility. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with. A model is proposed to account for the features of cytoplasmically inherited male sterility in higher plants. The plant trait cytoplasmic male sterility cms is determined by the mitochondrial genome and is associated with a pollen sterility phenotype that can be suppressed or counteracted by nuclear genes known as restoreroffertility genes. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. F ertilityrestoration could he achieved by the introduction of a ribonucleast. Pdf most of higher plant species are hermaphroditic and malesterility is often considered as an accident of development. Identification of genes involved in male sterility in.
Crosspollination of the fertile transgenic plants to the nontransgenic male sterile plants propagated the male ster ile seeds of high purity. Plant cms is mediated by nuclearmitochondrial interactions in which the sterility results from the expression of mitochondrial genes and can be restored by nuclear restoring fertility rf genes 24. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in beets.
Most of higher plant species are hermaphroditic and malesterility is often considered as an accident of development. Mitochondrial genome rearrangements and cytoplasmic male sterility genetic analysis of the plant mitochondrial genome has been hampered by the lack of. Causes of partial male sterility in an inbred maize line jstage. He reported anther abortion within species and specific hybrids. In wild beet, both cms and hermaphrodite plants coexist in natural populations. Several male sterile genes expressed in transgenic plants for the production of male sterile plants. Commentary nuclearmediated mitochondrial gene regulation and male fertility in higher plants.
When compared with normal fertile plants, malesterile plants present smaller. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in higher plants has been mainly studied in cultivated species. Provincial higher education institutions, and 4college of life. Male sterility and fertility restoration in crops annual. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes ms or by the complementary action of. Genetic male sterility is documented in 617 species and species crosses com prising 320 species, 162 genera and 43 families. The presence of male sterility can involve selection within cells between different mitochondrial dna molecules in interaction with nuclear genomes, selection. Male infertility refers to a male s inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. Mitochondrial dna and cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants the impressive progress in mapping genes localized on yeast mtdna has in large part been made possible by the availability of a wide variety of mutants whose characteristic phenotype results from a mutation in the mtdna. Review article the remarkable biology of pollen plant cell. Cms and gms facilitate hybrid seed production for many crops and thus allow breeders to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor heterosis. Pollen sterility in which male sterile individuals differ from normal only in the absence or extreme scarcity of functional pollen grains the most common and the only one that has played a major role in plant breeding structural or staminal male sterility in which male flowers or.
Infertility affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell. The basic contribution of gms is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be applied for the massive production of hybrids. Pollen abortion is a complex and complicated process and the mechanisms involved are actively being studied. Transgenic tobacco plants transformed with an antisense construct of extracellular invertase under its own promoter are blocked in early pollen development, thus, causing male sterility. Male sterile mutants which cannot produce fertile pollen or functional anthers can often be observed in higher plant species. No observable differences were detected in transformed plants compared with untransformed control wt fielder lines, except for the male sterility. Mechanisms of genic male sterility iowa state university. It maintains a builtin outbreeding system but is not an isolating mechanism, as male steriles, the selfemasculated plants, outcross with their male fertile sibs normally. Nuclear control and mitochondrial transcript processing with relevance to cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants h. Eric had been thinking about using green goliath broccoli in a breeding project but heard that high mowing seeds has been having a hard time producing green goliath seed and suspected male sterility. This system has great practical potential for hybrid seed breeding and production as it overcomes the problems intrinsic to other male sterility systems and can be. Pdf applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding.
When the problem lies with the male partner it is referred to as male infertility. Search for library items search for lists search for contacts search for a library. In most cases, pollen abortion is linked to the presence of an additional mitochondrial polypeptide leading to organelle dysfunction in reproductive tissues. Joseph gottlieb kolreuter was the first to document male sterility in plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility is not influenced by environmental. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. Review article the remarkable biology of pollen patricia bedinger department of biology, university of north carolina, chapel hill, north carolina 275993280 introduction to reproduce, higher plants utilize a unique multicellular mi croorganism. Pdf the male sterile g cytoplasm of wild beet displays. Male sterility is defined as the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Several studies have reported that chimeric open reading frames orfs in the mitochondrial genome cause cms in a variety of higher plant species dewey et al. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condi tion under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Cimap, lucknow 226 015, india recent advances in the molecular biology of plant.
It occurs in many plant species and is often associated with chimeric mitochondrial open reading frames. Mitochondrial dna mtdna mutants cause diverse phenotypes in different organisms due to impaired respiratory chain function. The dominant chs deficiency and male sterility in petunia, taken together with the recessive chs deficiency and male sterility in maize, suggest that flavonoid synthesis in the sporophyte rather than the. All sterile plants 9 tarpg1 sterile plants and 7 tacals5 sterile plants were rescued by wt donor pollen, confirming the male. Of these, genic male sterility occurs in 216 species and 17 species crosses and genecytoplasmic male sterility in 16 species and 271 species crosses. Pdf american society of plant biologists cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes ms or by the complementary action of nuclear lr and cytoplasmic c genes. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. Cytoplasmic male sterility is often found in higher plants and features maternal inheritance, pollen abortion, and normal pistil. Male sterility is more prevalent than female sterility. Mitochondrial genome diversity and cytoplasmic male. Srivastava central institute of medicinal and aromatic plants, p. Male fertility was restored to genetically engineered male sterile oilseed rape plants. Mechanisms of genic male sterility abstract for normal sexual reproductive development, coordination must occur between both male and female organ ontogeny.
Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. The physicochemical properties of mitochondrial mtdna of higher plants have been reported14. Male sterility in higher plants monographs on theoretical and. The possibility that normal development of the male gametophyte requires flavonoid synthesis in many or all higher plants is discussed.
Incorporating male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high varietal purity. The rf1 appears to alter the higher order structure of presatp6. Identification of genes potentially associated with the. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone. Several cmsassociated aberrant genes are located upstream or downstream of. But in those crop plants where seed is the economic part, it is of no use because the hybrid progeny would be male sterile. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Features of male sterility male sterility is an important outbreeding device which prevents autogamy self pollination and permits allogamy cross pollination.